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Manual Updated for the SMILES (Student Motivation in the Learning Environment Scales) v2

Admin 2024.07.17 313

The Brain & Motivation Research Institute (bMRI) has updated the manual for the "SMILES (Student Motivation in the Learning Environment Scales)," a multidimensional instrument for measuring children’s and adolescents’ academic motivation and related constructs. The 9 existing subscales--Motivational Dispositions, Perceived Parent-Child Relationships, Perceived Teacher-Student Relationships, Academic Self-Efficacy, Academic Interest, Achievement Goals, Agentic Engagement, Cognitive Engagement, and Academic Self-Regulation--have undergone item revisions and additional validation. A new 10^th subscale, Academic Goal Construal, has also been added. Furthermore, for researchers interested in the cultural differences in academic motivation, English versions of all scales have been developed through a translation and back-translation process. Individual subscales can be found on the Brain & Motivation Research Institute’s website under the Research >> Assessment Scales menu. We welcome the interest of many motivation researchers.